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At the Internet layer of the TCP/IP suite
of protocols, a router can use an IP routing protocol to accomplish
routing through the implementation of a specific routing algorithm.
Examples of IP routing protocols include:
- RIP – A distance vector
interior routing protocol
- IGRP – Cisco's distance
vector interior routing protocol
- OSPF – A link-state interior
routing protocol
- EIGRP – Cisco’s advanced
distance vector interior routing protocol
- BGP – A distance vector
exterior routing protocol
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) was
originally specified in RFC 1058. Its key characteristics include the
following:
- It is a distance vector routing
protocol.
- Hop count is used as the metric for
path selection.
- If the hop count is greater than 15,
the packet is discarded.
- Routing updates are broadcast every
30 seconds, by default.
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
is a proprietary protocol developed by Cisco. Some of the IGRP key
design characteristics emphasize the following:
- It is a distance vector routing
protocol.
- Bandwidth, load, delay and
reliability are used to create a composite metric.
- Routing updates are broadcast every
90 seconds, by default.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a
nonproprietary link-state routing protocol. The key characteristics of
OSPF are as follows:
- It is a link-state routing protocol.
- Open standard routing protocol
described in RFC 2328.
- Uses the SPF algorithm to calculate
the lowest cost to a destination.
- Routing updates are flooded as
topology changes occur.
EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary enhanced
distance vector routing protocol. The key characteristics of EIGRP are
as follows:
- It is an enhanced distance vector
routing protocol.
- Uses load balancing.
- Uses a combination of distance
vector and link-state features.
- Uses Diffused Update Algorithm
(DUAL) to calculate the shortest path.
- Routing updates are broadcast every
90 seconds or as triggered by topology changes.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an
exterior routing protocol. The key characteristics of BGP are as
follows:
- It is a distance vector exterior
routing protocol.
- Used between ISPs or ISPs and
clients.
- Used to route Internet traffic
between autonomous systems.
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Interactive Media Activity
Checkbox: Link-State and Distance Vector Routing Protocols
After completing this activity, the student will be able to understand IP
routing protocols.
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